Survey Study on Some Selected Physical Fitness Components of Kaffa Zone Male Youth Soccer Trainees

The main objectives of this study was to assessing some selected physical fitness components of male youth soccer trainees in the case of Kaffa zone football projects. There are four male youth (junior) soccer projects especially, Bonga town, Gimbo , Chena and Gesha woredas. 80 trainees' was selected by using Krejecle and Morgan’s (1970) table for determining sample size for a given population and probability simple random sampling was used a ‘lottery’ method. Cross-sectional study design was used because the subjects were tested once. Some selected physical fitness variables were body mass index (BMI), speed (60-meter test), strength (sit- ups test), Agility (Illinois run test)and flexibility (sit and reach test) of the trainees'. Anthropometrics characteristics and performance physical fitness data that has obtained from 80 male youth soccer trainees and Quantitative methods have analyzed by using One-Way ANOVA approach. All anthropometrics characteristics of youth soccer trainees' are in the adolescent stages, therefore, almost woredas were related characteristics status. Results showed a significant improvement in the projects trainees fitness level of speed (p=0.000) and agility (0.001), but no significant in other fitness variables on strength (p=0.493) and flexibility (p=0.637). The study of Kaffa zone male youth soccer trainees' fitness level (status) has BMI (19.88) normal weight, Illinois run test (18.20) below average and sit-up test (19.79) below average compared to among the international normative data but flexibility (sit and reach test) 12.74 cent-meters were in the range of above average. Kaffa zone male soccer trainees' projects and compared normative data would be providing to information about the selected fitness status to their trainees' and coaches. This information may use to help the selected fitness level bridge gaps between their field and other fields within the sport-concerned body. Therefore, results of this study may do provide normative data for coaches, trainers and Kaffa zone sports office working with youth soccer trainees. Keywords: soccer, physical fitness, trainees', body mass index, speed, strength, agility, flexibility

A survey of the farming systems of Vertisol areas of the Ethiopian highlands

In 1986, ILCA carried out informal surveys at Dogollo and Inewari in order to understand the farming systems. Such surveys were also conducted by the Institute of Agricultural Research (IAR) at Ginchi in 1986 and by the Alemaya University of Agriculture at Ada/Debre Zeit in 1988/89. This was followed by one-time detailed formal farm surveys at Dogollo, Inewari and Ginchi in 1988/89. This chapter mostly presents the results of these formal surveys. The objectives of the surveys were to understand the existing farming systems in order to develop appropriate Vertisol technologies, to identify production constraints and opportunities for technological interventions, to identify recommendation domain, and to compile baseline data in order to assist in ex-post Vertisol - technology evaluation. Natural resources, farm resources, crop and livestock interaction, feed production and livestock feeding, constraints to production, livestock production constraints and researchable areas are examined

Postharvest Ripening and Shelf Life of Mango (Mangifera indica L.) Fruit as Influenced by 1-Methylcyclopropene and Polyethylene Packaging

The mango (Mangifera indica L.) is a climacteric and highly perishable fruit that requires specialized postharvest handling to extend its storage life. The study was undertaken at Melkassa Agricultural Research Center (MARC) to evaluate the influence of 1-Methylcyclopropene (1-MCP) and polyethylene packaging (PP) on postharvest storage of mango. Fruits of two mango cultivars namely ‘Apple’ and ‘Kent’ were harvested at green-mature stage and were treated with gaseous 1-MCP (100 or 500 nLL-1) in closed plastic containers for 18 hours and then individual fruits were either packaged with perforated polyethylene bags or kept without packaging. They were stored up to 21 days under ambient condition at temperature of 25.7 ±2.6oC and relative humidify of 66.1±11.8%. Treatments were laid out in factorial arrangement in RCBD with three replications. The physiological weight loss (PWL), peel color change, firmness, juice content, total soluble solids (TSS) and titratable acidity (TA) were significantly (

Seroepidemiology of measles in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia: implications for control through vaccination.

We undertook a representative survey of measles antibodies in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia 1994, to characterize immunity and transmission. Specific-antibody levels (IU/l) were determined by ELISA for 4654 sera from individuals aged 0-49 years (1805 < 15 years) collected by stratified household-cluster sampling. The proportion seronegative (< 100 IU/l) was 20% (95% CI: 16-25) in children 9-59 months old, declining to 9% (7-12) in 5-9 year olds, 5% (4-7) in 10-14 year olds, and < 1% in adults. The proportion of children (< 15 years old) with low-level antibody (100-255 IU/l) was 8% (7-10). Vaccination and an absence of a history of measles illness were strongly associated with low-level antibody. History of measles vaccination in 9 months to 14-year-old children was approximately 80%. We estimate a primary vaccine failure rate of 21% (12-34) and continued high measles incidence of 22 per 100 susceptibles (19-24) per annum. Our data support the introduction of campaign vaccination in the city in 1998, although higher routine vaccine coverage is required to sustain the impact. The implications of a high prevalence of low-level antibody are discussed

Mycobacterial contamination of environment in pig farms in the Czech Republic between 1996 and 2002

The purpose of this study was to find source of mycobacterial infections in pig farms. A total of 2 411 environmental samples (bedding materials, water, biofilm from pipelines, peat, etc.) were examined by microscopy and culture. Isolates were identified by serotyping and PCR. Mycobacteria were isolated from 579 (24.0%) samples. 47.0% isolates were Mycobacterium avium subsp. hominissuis isolates (IS901-, IS1245+, serotypes 4, 6, 8, 9), 2.2% isolates were M. a. avium (IS901+, IS1245+, serotype 2) and 50.8% belong to atypical mycobacteria comprising of fifteen species. The frequent isolates were found in peat samples (213/65.1%) in which 81.2% isolates comprised M. a. hominissuis. High amount of mycobacteria were isolated from biofilm (36.4%) and water (29.6%). Alike peat, non-pathogenic species were predominant. The third sources of mycobacteria were bedding materials, mostly sawdust (43.6%). Presence of mycobacteria in the animals’ environment leads to economic losses due to meat condemnation in abattoirs

Seismicity of the central Afar rift and implications for Tendaho dam hazards

Temporary broadband seismic networks deployed from 2007 to 2011 around the Afar triple junction of the East African Rift System provide insights into seismicity patterns of the actively deforming crust around the 1.86 km3 impounded lake system behind the Tendaho dam. The observed seismicity correlates well with the active magmatic centres around central Afar. The area around the dam site is characterized by a network of intersecting NNE- and NW-trending faults. Seismicity clusters observed in the specified time interval indicate that both fault sets are active and are potential sources of seismogenic hazards. The dam neighbourhood is naturally active and it is a challenge to associate the observed seismic activity to either a change in magmato-tectonic conditions or attribute it to the influence of reservoir load. It is evident that the dam region experi- ences high levels of seismic and volcano-tectonic unrest, regardless of the origin of the activity. The spatial overlap of narrow zones of crustal seismicity and upper mantle low velocity zones observed in S-wave tomography models suggests that melt production zones guide the distribution of strain during continental rupture. Given its volcanically and seismically active setting, the Tendaho dam site and the surrounding region require continuous monitoring for the safety of downstream popu- lations and development infrastructures in the Afar National Regional State of Ethiopia

Differentiating flow, melt, or fossil seismic anisotropy beneath Ethiopia

Ethiopia is a region where continental rifting gives way to oceanic spreading. Yet the role that pre-existing lithospheric structure, melt, mantle flow, or active upwellings may play in this process is debated. Measurements of seismic anisotropy are often used to attempt to understand the contribution that these mechanisms may play. In this study, we use new data in Afar, Ethiopia along with legacy data across Ethiopia, Djibouti, and Yemen to obtain estimates of mantle anisotropy using SKS-wave splitting. We show that two layers of anisotropy exist, and we directly invert for these. We show that fossil anisotropy with fast directions oriented northeast-southwest may be preserved in the lithosphere away from the rift. Beneath the Main Ethiopian Rift and parts of Afar, anisotropy due to shear segregated melt along sharp changes in lithospheric thickness dominates the shear-wave splitting signal in the mantle. Beneath Afar, away from regions with significant lithospheric topography, melt pockets associated with the crustal and uppermost mantle magma storage dominate the signal in localized regions. In general, little anisotropy is seen in the uppermost mantle beneath Afar suggesting melt retains no preferential alignment. These results show the important role melt plays in weakening the lithosphere and imply that as rifting evolves passive upwelling sustains extension. A dominant northeast-southwest anisotropic fast direction is observed in a deeper layer across all of Ethiopia. This suggests that a conduit like plume is lacking beneath Afar today, rather a broad flow from the southwest dominates flow in the upper mantle

Determinants of health seeking behaviour following rabies exposure in Ethiopia

The objective of this study was to identify factors that determine medical treatment seeking behaviour following potential rabies exposure after being bitten by a suspected dog and the likelihood of compliance to receive sufficient doses of post-exposure prophylaxis after the visit to a health centre visit. A detailed survey based on case investigation was conducted on suspected rabid dog bite cases in three areas of Ethiopia. Two multivariable logistic regression models were created with a set of putative variables to explain treatment seeking and compliance outcomes. Based on the registered bite cases at each health centre and the set of unregistered bite cases derived by contact tracing, 655 bite victim cases were identified to have occurred between September 2013 and August 2014. Of these evaluated bite incidences, 465 cases were considered to have been caused by a potentially rabid dog. About 77% of these suspected rabid dog bite victims visited a health centre, while 57% received sufficient doses of PEP. The overall likelihood of seeking medical services following rabies exposure was higher for people bitten by dogs of unknown ownership, where the bite was severe, being bitten on the leg, spend of more than 100 USD per month and where the victim lived close to the nearest health centre, while the likelihood of receiving sufficient doses of PEP was sensitive to monthly spending and distance to health centre. However, the evaluated factors did only explain a part of the variation among the three districts. The district in which victims lived appeared to have a relevant influence on the likelihood of seeking medical treatment but did not improve the prediction on the likelihood of treatment compliance. Given the insights obtained from this study, improvements in the rural districts with regard to accessibility of post-exposure prophylaxis delivering health centres in shorter distance could improve health seeking behaviour. In addition, in rural districts, majority of exposed persons who seek medical treatment tend to comply with treatment regimen, indicating that the promotion of medical treatment through awareness creation campaigns could be beneficial

Localized boundary-domain singular integral equations based on harmonic parametrix for divergence-form elliptic PDEs with variable matrix coefficients

This is the post-print version of the Article. The official publised version can be accessed from the links below. Copyright @ 2013 Springer BaselEmploying the localized integral potentials associated with the Laplace operator, the Dirichlet, Neumann and Robin boundary value problems for general variable-coefficient divergence-form second-order elliptic partial differential equations are reduced to some systems of localized boundary-domain singular integral equations. Equivalence of the integral equations systems to the original boundary value problems is proved. It is established that the corresponding localized boundary-domain integral operators belong to the Boutet de Monvel algebra of pseudo-differential operators. Applying the Vishik-Eskin theory based on the factorization method, the Fredholm properties and invertibility of the operators are proved in appropriate Sobolev spaces.This research was supported by the grant EP/H020497/1: "Mathematical Analysis of Localized Boundary-Domain Integral Equations for Variable-Coefficient Boundary Value Problems" from the EPSRC, UK

Volcanic activity and hazard in the East African Rift Zone

Over the past two decades, multidisciplinary studies have unearthed a rich history of volcanic activity and unrest in the densely-populated East African Rift System, providing new insights into the influence of rift dynamics on magmatism, the characteristics of the volcanic plumbing systems and the foundation for hazard assessments. The raised awareness of volcanic hazards is driving a shift from crisis response to reducing disaster risks, but a lack of institutional and human capacity in sub-Saharan Africa means baseline data are sparse and mitigating geohazards remains challenging